Preventive Medicine offers rewarding, plentiful, diverse and challenging careers, plus:

• The chance to make a significant contribution to society,
• A wide variety of practice settings,
• A balanced and satisfying lifestyle, and
• Upward and lateral mobility and advancement.

Our Graduate Education & Careers section features descriptions of ACPM's activities in support of graduate medical education, a directory of all preventive medicine residency programs, and specific sessions for Residency Program Directors, current preventive medicine residents, and prospective preventive medicine residents.

OVERVIEW OF RESIDENCY TRAINING IN PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
Preventive Medicine is an exciting specialty that links the knowledge and skills of clinical medicine with the special skill sets of medical management, research, and population health. Specialists work in diverse settings to promote health and to modify or eliminate the risks of disease, injury, disability, and death. Career paths include managed care, public health, occupational medicine, aerospace medicine, clinical medicine, informatics, policy development, academic medicine, international medicine, and research, covering all levels of government, educational institutions, organized medical care programs in industry, as well as voluntary health agencies and professional health organizations.

Preventive medicine is one of 25 recognized medical specialties represented in the American Board of Specialties (ABMS). Completion of residency training in preventive medicine is an essential step to become certified in one or more of the preventive medicine specialty areas: General Preventive Medicine/Public Health (referred to throughout the directory as GPH), Occupational Medicine (OM), and Aerospace Medicine (AM). There are currently 73 accredited Preventive Medicine residency training programs in the United States. Generally, programs are located in schools of medicine, schools of public health, state or local health departments, and in federal agencies (i.e., Centers for Disease Control) and military bases (i.e., Walter Reed Army Institute of Research). These programs are usually small and take an individualized approach to training. There are approximately 350 residents in training every year.

Residency program accreditation is accomplished through the Preventive Medicine Residency Review Committee (RRC) of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). The ACGME-RRC is the body which establishes accreditation requirements for residency programs and which reviews the programs to determine their compliance with the requirements. You can contact them at www.acgme.org.

Board certification is offered through the American Board of Preventive Medicine (ABPM). Established in 1948, ABPM is the body with responsibility for determining physician eligibility for certification and recertification in preventive medicine. The Board can be contacted at www.abprevmed.org.

STRUCTURE OF AN ACCREDITED RESIDENCY PROGRAM IN PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
In addition to the knowledge of basic clinical sciences and skills common to all physicians, the distinctive aspects of preventive medicine include knowledge of and competence in these seven areas:

Preventive Medicine is a 2-year residency that follows either a PGY-1 year or a clinical residency. This is to include broad-based education followed by focused preventive medicine education.

Prior to appointment in the program, residents must have successfully completed at least 12 months of clinical education in a residency program accredited by the ACGME, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, or the College of Family Physicians of Canada. Resident experience must include at least 11 months of direct patient care in both inpatient and outpatient settings. Residents should develop competency in the following fundamental clinical skills during this experience:

1) Obtaining a comprehensive medical history;
2) Performing a comprehensive physical examination;
3) Assessing a patient’s medical conditions;
4) Making appropriate use of diagnostic studies and tests;
5) Integrating information to develop a differential diagnosis; and
6) Developing, implementing, and evaluating a treatment plan. 

The two year PM residency training includes didactics, clinical training, research, public health, and other population-based experiences. 

The didactic training includes both residency-lead seminars, as well as the acquisition of a Master’s in Public health or equivalent degree.  Those residents entering with an appropriate degree enhance their didactics with additional coursework.  Whether through a Master’s in Public Health or other equivalent degree, prior to completion of the residency program, all residents must complete graduate level courses in epidemiology; biostatistics; health services management and administration; environmental health; and the behavioral aspects of health.

The practicum experiences take place across the two years of the residency, and include acquisition of skills in clinical and population prevention medicine. Examples of practicum experiences include: local, state and federal health departments, health maintenance organizations, peer review organizations, community and migrant health centers, occupational health clinics, industrial sites, regulatory agencies, NASA, and OSHA, research settings, to name a few.

COMBINED RESIDENCY TRAINING IN PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND OTHER SPECIALTIES
Combined residency training is designed to lead to board certification in each of the medical specialties providing training. Sometimes, combined training will reduce the length of training for both specialties by as much as one year. Since 1993, ABPM and the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) have had in place formal, approved guidelines for combined training. This training is designed to lead to board certification in both preventive medicine and internal medicine, following four years of accredited residency training.  Several programs also offer approved Family Medicine/Preventive Medicine training opportunities across four years.

Residencies which offer combined training programs must maintain their accreditation status through each specialty RRC. The ACGME does not accredit combined training programs of any kind.

RESIDENCY PROGRAM APPLICATION PROCESS
This directory includes detailed information on each residency program. After reviewing the profiles of programs you are interested in, you should contact those programs directly for further information and for application instructions. The program directors may also be able to provide you with names of specialists whom you could contact for information. For a list of Preventive Medicine (Public Health, General, Occupational and Aerospace) programs that participate in the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) visit http://www.aamc.org/students/eras/start.htm.